All depends on style. You can drink an English Mild in 2 weeks grain to glass. But other styles like Barley Wine or Russian Imperial Stout need at least a year. I'm in the middle. I usually brew around 5% or so beers. I usually try to leave it in the primary for 3 weeks, then straight to a keg where it waits about another week. Most people don't start off kegging, though in my opinion they should. I think bottling turns people off real quick to the hobby. I know I would put it off for weeks. You can carb a beer in a keg the same day you put it in there where bottles take 3 weeks to carb up.
Some styles are perferred fresh; Pale Ales and IPAs (hops lose their bitterness over time), while others might take a couple weeks to come together. For instance, I've had Elk Sh!t kegged for a week, it's carbonated just right but it's not quite ready to drink. The keg will be gone by next month though.
Beer is a living, breathing thing. It will change on you on a day to day basis.
So the simple answer is with an average alcohol, nothing over the top beer you're looking at 6-7 weeks start to finish.
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